ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.
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Ana Paula da Silva ‘Pelé, racial discourse and the 1958 World Cup’. Department of Anthropology and FIOCRUZ scholarship, Federal University (PPGSA/FCS/ UFRJ), São Paulo, Brazil, Vol. 15, No. 1, 36–47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.854557.
Ana paul da silva from the department of anthropology in the Federal university of sao paulo. Brazil, wrote this article discussing the racial controversies in the 1985 soccer world cup which was happening at the time edson Avantes De Nascrimento (PELE) the became an internationally famous sport star. The author believes that His statements regarding race were inherently based on the discourse common among the academics and Brazil black activists.she also supports the idea that his professional self discipline and belief in individualism, refined during his youth.
Ana Paul da Silva’s intended audience for this article are those that are part of the soccer community and care about the history and the racial controversies that the world renowned king of soccer faced, scholars and citizens of brazil. Da Silva used a very formal and logical concept to interpret the information she was trying to pass out starting with a very creative introduction that included the main idea of the article, following the argument, the discourse and then the final conclusion. She wrote for an audience that would be moved by the appeals of credibility and logic (ethos and logos) and not pathos because it would make the author loss credibility and the connection with the readers. The incorporated fallacies used in the essay is the Band wagon, because every one believed the idea that peles professional Self discipline and belief in individualism refined during his youth.
Baert S, Amez S (2018) ‘No better moment to score a goal than just before half time’ A soccer myth statistically tested. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194255. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. Pone.0194255
Baert, and Amez, Put a test to the soccer myth that suggests that the right time to score a goal is before the half time. In response they analyze the data from 1,170 games played in UEFA champions league and UEFA Europe league. In addition to the myth, they discover that, conditional on the goal difference and other game characteristics at half time, the final goal difference at the advantage of the home team is goals lower in case of a goal just before half time by this team. They believe that this finding relates to this team’s lower probability of scoring a goal during the second half.
Baert S, Amez S intended audiences for the article are coaches and football players it could also serve as an informative article to fans on how important it is to score before the half time. The authors used a very formal and professional way to persuade audience to adhere to their claims by using credibility (ETHOS) as a means of letting their readers feel the depth of their idea on the argument by giving insinuations, practical examples and mathematical and statistical calculations as proof to support their claims. They also used a very logical way of explaining to the grasp of their intended audiences. They didn't used emotional appeals to connect to their audience because adding emotion to their form of logistic way of presenting their claim is going to deter their credibility and the audience will feel that the writers don't have a concrete idea of what he is saying. The logical fallacies used in this essay is the ergo Propter Hoc fallacy which is assumed when two things relate to each other is beloved that they are related.
Cowley, Jayson ‘Britain is becoming obsessed with race and in football it's worse than ever.’1/20/2003, Vol. 132 Issue 4621, p55. 1p
Cowley Jayson talks about how racism in football still exists and has been growing worse than ever. The author thinks that Britain is becoming more obsessed with racism than ever. He gives a brief information on his love of soccer and his knowledge of soccer from his childhood and a background information of his father. He shares an experience of seeing racism in a football match back when he was young and his reaction to it back in the days when racism was common among-st various community. He states the name of three popular black players that dealt with racism by their team members and nonmembers of his team. He also calls out a famous England player that is well known to dislike other racist and gives insinuations on how he attacked them both in the field and outside the field.
Cowley Jayson has been a fan of soccer from the first generation of soccer right from his childhood. The intended audience for this article are those racist that still discriminate in soccer, scholars, and the public. Jayson established his claim using his knowledge and experience in soccer judging with both past and present incidences, Dates, Time, and information on some controversies concerning race in football. He persuaded his readers to see from his point of view by using the appeals of ethos and pathos, because he established that he was very credible and had a lot of experiences as a soccer player and was able to give insinuations on racism in soccer and told some emotional stories that made the audience feel soft and would likely to agree to his claim. The fallacy used in this article is the band wagon fallacies that occur when an idea is beloved to be true due to the fact that a huge amount of supporters believe so.
De Giorgio A, Sellami M, Kuvacic G, Lawrence G, Padulo J, Mingardi M, et al. (2018) ‘Enhancing motor learning of young soccer players through preventing an internal focus of attention’ (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0200689)The effect of shoes color. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0200689.
De Giorgio, Kellami, Kuvacic, Lawrence, Padulo and Mingardi bring up a claim that the internal focus of young football players can be improved through the use of colored shoes. They conduct a research with 34 7 years old kids were randomized into two groups and were asked to do basic maneuvers minding that one team used colored boots and the other used black boots, using the physical results and mathematical calculations they got an evidence to back up their claim, relating to their claim they believe that the focus of young football players could be improved through the use of colored shoes.
De Giorgio, Sellami, Kuvacic, Lawrence, Padulo and Mingardi established credibility by using various forms of mathematical calculations to solve their problem to get their results to back up their claim. The main audience for this article are coaches that train young football players and also for young football players. The authors/researchers wrote this article for an audience that would be moved by the appeals of Ethos and Logos rather than Pathos. They uses the most ultimate credible way of mathematics and the use of the process of research to also back up their claim there by buying their audience to agree to their claim. The fallacies used is the Cum Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc which occurs when it is assumed that a claim is true because there are relating evidences occurring together.
Jay P. Greene, Daniel H. Bowen, “ Sports and Education Work Well Together”. The New York Times(https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/10/21/taking-sports-out-of-school-2/sports-and-education-work-well-together). OCTOBER 21, 2014.
Jay P. Greene is the 21st century professor of education reform at the University of Arkansas. Daniel H. Bowen is a post-doctoral fellow at the Kinder Institute for Urban Research at Rice University. They argue that schools that offer more sports and field more successful teams produce higher test scores and graduation rates. They support their claim by analyzing evidence from different schools of different sports participation and they find out that the school that offered more sports had higher test scores and graduation rates. In contrast to their research they believe that schools that offer more sports and field more successful teams produce higher test scores and graduation rates.
Jay P. Greene is the 21st century professor of education reform at the University of Arkansas. Daniel H. Bowen is a post-doctoral fellow at the Kinder Institute for Urban Research at Rice University. Their intended audience for this article are the parents and the school administrations,in conclusion they wrote for and audience that would act on the rhetorical appeals of ethos, logos to persuade their audience to agree to their claims. The authors incorporated fallacies is the post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc.
Moran, Richie ‘.Racism in Football: A Victim's Perspective’. Soccer & Society. Spring2000, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p190. 11p. Subjects; Racism in sports: FOOTBALL.
Morgan Richie presents an article on racism in football within the context of the development of anti-racist initiatives within the game. Challenges posed by the presence of racist attitudes; Challenges faced by African-Americans in their participation in football games; Forms of racism within football; Incidents of racism within football. The author believes that racism doesn't just exist in football but in various aspect of the life of a black man.
Morgan Explained himself as a professional ex-football player that quit playing soccer due to racism. The article is aimed and intended for those younger players that are also facing racism, and for those anti-racist to bring up a story to learn from him because his case serves as an example of why racism should be at a potential halt. The writer use a very informative introduction to start his essay, clearly describing the effect racism took in him, the problems and forms of racism he faced being black, how he reacted to it and in conclusion the establishment he made to ensure that racism should be eradicated. The author is writing for an audience that would be moved effectively by the appeals of pathos i.e. emotion, than ethos and logos which would have felt out of place in an article so packed with emotion. This choice suggest that the readers need to be familiar with the storied behind the struggle and is at the stage where he needs to take appropriate action. The fallacies used i the article is the band wagon that occur when an idea or belief is assumed to be true due to the fact that it's believed by various people.
Rossi, Alessio; Pappalardo, Luca; Cintia, Paolo; Iaia, F. Marcello; Fernàndez, Javier; Medina, Daniel. PLoS ONE. 7/25/2018, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p1-15. 15p. Academic Search Complete.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201264.
Rossi Alessio, Pappalardo Luca, Cintia Paolo, Iaia Marcello, Fernàndez Javier, Medina Daniel propose an approach to injury forecasting in professional soccer based on GPS measurements and machine learning. They support their claims by developing GPS tracking technology as an experiment to construct an injury forecaster and prove it's accuracy and could interpret-able by providing a set of case studies also providing a set of simple and practical rules for evaluating and interpreting the complex relations between injury risk and training performance in professional soccer.
Rossi Alessio is a professor in the department of computer science, in the University of Persia Italy, Luca Pappalardo from the ISTL national research council, Persia Italy, Paolo Cantina from the department of science and health, University of Milan Italy, Javier Fernandez from sports science and health in in FC Barcelona, Spain. And Daniel Medina from the department of Athletic care department of Philadelphia 76ers, in Pennsylvania, United States come together to propose a multi-dimensional approach to injury forecasting in professional soccer. The indeed audience for this article are professional football players and the soccer federation. They started their article with a catching introduction to buy the reader’s attention and also introducing their main ideas, followed by the evidence of data collected, calculations and statistical reasoning, following the results gotten from their calculations, and the interpretation of the results following the discussion and the final conclusion. The article is proposed by the appeals of ethos and logos and not pathos because that would ruin the credibility of the authors and their bridge of connections to their readers.
Trouille, David. Association football to futbol: ethnic succession and the history of Chicago-area soccer,1890-1920soccer&Society.Dec2008,Vol.9Issue4,p455-476.22p.DOI:10.1080/14660970802257507.
Triggered by the underappreciated position of sports in sociological findings, a two part study examines the interconnections among the improvement of professional and un professional men soccer in Chicago and the theory of the understanding of race, ethnicity, immigration, integration and urban relations. Through archival research, interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, including participation in a local ethnic league, this study intends to rebuild and analyse the wide undocumented history of men's soccer in Chicago By discovering the ways in which soccer teams and leagues have exhibited patterns of succession, the study demonstrates the continued importance of this sociological theory through its application to deterred social institutions like soccer leagues and for non-spatial conceptions of urban ethnic groups. In addition, exploring the symbolic and substantive functions of the soccer teams and leagues as sites for the construction and maintenance of collective ethnic identities. The first finding traces the development of Chicago-area soccer from 1890 to 1920. The second finding also covers the period from 1921 to the present.
David trouille is a professor in the department of sociology, in the university of California los angeles. The article is clearly aimed at those new and already involved with the soccer community. The author gives a credible article by starting off with a logical introduction with vivid dates and sources, followed by the review if the literature, the emergence of soccer in the united states, the historical backdrop, the ethnic succession, vivid period of growth and the conclusion that the study focuses on tracing the primary teams, leagues and developments in the game’s early history. The authors emphasis on visual data makes the readers to have confidence in him. The writers audience would be moved to act upon the appeals of ethos and logos. Because of the logical and concrete establishment of his history.